Moluccas: 2,600, 1,800, (4,400) However, much was learned as a result of the operation these lessons would be put to good use in the subsequent invasion. pedagog. Some 16,000 Austrians were killed in prison, while over 67,000 Austrian Jews were deported to death camps, only 2,000 of them lived to see the end of the war. Demographic Research, Vol. 7,614,790 were held in POW camps by early June of 1945 (including 3,404,950 who were disarmed following the surrender of Germany), All totals listed only include direct deaths due to military activity and crimes against humanity, including the, German deployments to the Western Front (plus Italy) reached levels as high as approximately 40% of their ground forces, and 75% of the. Most of the troops were Canadian, with some British contingents and a small American and Free French presence along with British and Polish naval support. [598] The USHMM reports between 77,000 and 99,000 persons were killed at the Jasenovac and Stara Gradika concentration camps. 10 May 1945, Last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17, List of Commando raids on the Atlantic Wall, Western Front command tenures (World War II), Learn how and when to remove this template message, George C Marshall, Biennial reports of the Chief of Staff of the United States Army to the Secretary of War: 1 July 193930 June 1945. Army GroupG, considering the possibility of an invasion on the Atlantic coast, had dispersed its mobile reserves, locating the 11th Panzer Division in Gironde, the 2nd SS Panzer Division Das Reich refitting around the southern French town of Montauban, and the 9th Panzer Division stationed in the Rhone delta area. Following two months of slow fighting in hedgerow country, Operation Cobra allowed the Americans to break out at the western end of the lodgement. Latze Member Posts: 377 Joined: 08 May 2010, 17:55 Re: German Casualties - Eastern Front vs. Western Front by Latze 14 Sep 2015, 23:06 Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) The most numerous victims were Serbs. Stalin began purging the Red Army of its professional and skilled soldiers. The Germans managed to hold a large bridgehead (the Colmar Pocket), on the western bank of the Rhine and centered around the city of Colmar. The French forces launched a small offensive, the Saar Offensive against Germany in the Saar region but halted their advance and returned. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissensch: Rdiger Overmans. South of the Ardennes, American forces fought from September until mid-December to push the Germans out of Lorraine and from behind the Siegfried Line. After years of war, the United Kingdom and France were exhausted. On that same day Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, as head of OKW and Jodl's superior, was brought to Marshal Georgy Zhukov in Karlshorst and signed another instrument of surrender that was essentially identical to that signed in Rheims with two minor additions requested by the Soviets. Some I've been cooking for years, decades even, others I have cooked just . Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); The Nazis exterminated one to two million Soviet Jews (including the annexed territories) as part of the Holocaust. Civilians in Navy service 114,493 killed and 1,880 wounded and missing. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Japanese war dead (193745) totaled 3.1million persons including 2.3million soldiers and Army/Navy civilian employees, 500,000 civilians in Japan and 300,000 civilians living outside of Japan. [147] Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp. Seventh and Third Armies) into southeastern Germany and Austria. Determined stands were made in April by German forces at Heilbronn, Nuremberg, and Munich but were overcome after several days.[when?] Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Ursprnge, Arten und Folgen des Konstrukts "Bevlkerung" vor, im und nach dem "Dritten Reich" Zur Geschichte der deutschen Bevlkerungswissenschaft: Hans Sperling, Die Luftkriegsverluste whrend des zweiten Weltkriegs in Deutschland, Wirtschaft und Statistik October 1956, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [147] 5-Figures of missing include POWs held by Allies. In turn, it commanded three groups: the Wehrmacht Netherlands Command (Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Niederlande) or WBN, covering the Dutch and Belgian coasts and Army Group B, covering the coast of northern France with the German 15th Army (HQ in Tourcoing), in the area north of the Seine; the 7th Army, (HQ in Le Mans), between the Seine and the Loire defending the English Channel and the Atlantic coast, and Army Group G with responsibility for the Bay of Biscay coast and Vichy France, with its 1st Army, (HQ in Bordeaux), responsible for the Atlantic coast between the Loire and the Spanish border and the 19th Army, (HQ in Avignon), responsible for the Mediterranean coast. German sources do not provide figures for Soviet citizens conscripted by Germany. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1959. p. 252, Waller Wynne, Population of Czechoslovakia. 2-These statistics include casualties of the volunteer forces from the Soviet Union. The British XXX Corps would punch through the German lines along the MaasSchelde canal and link up with the airborne troops of the U.S. 101st Airborne Division in Eindhoven, the U.S. 82nd Airborne Division at Nijmegen and the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem. The 1939 Population for Germany within 1937 borders, Foreign nationals of German ancestry in the countries of, (1949) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,483,000; (3,250,000)military; (500,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,533,000) deaths in the expulsions from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. 43,110 Germans killed or missing, 111,640 wounded, no information is provided on any who were captured. Millions also died as a result of other German actions. Most of these losses occurred during the Nazi organized flight and evacuation during the war, and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union; they point out that there are 80,522 confirmed deaths in the postwar internment camps. Because the Allied lines had become severely stretched in response to the crisis in the Ardennes, holding and throwing back the Nordwind offensive was a costly affair that lasted almost four weeks. vs. Australia 199,511 killed and 15,000 wounded. Dutch Merchant Marine. The Auckland War Museum puts the number of World War II dead at 11,671. Moscow Page 294. Merchant Mariners killed in World War II are listed by USMM.org. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. Germany 25,430 (24,020 post armistice); Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia 49,459 (10,090 post armistice); 3133 (figure includes 170,000 German Jews). in the Dutch famine of 1944. Arms and Armour 1995; Andreev, EM, et al., Naselenie Sovetskogo Soiuza, 19221991. Wars and Population. [262] The Greek government is planning to claim reparations from Germany for war damages. The statistics tabulated by the CWGC are representative of the number of names commemorated for all servicemen/women of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth and former UKDependencies, whose death was attributable to their war service. According to the College of Education of the University of South Florida "Approximately 11 million people were killed because of Nazi genocidal policy". ), (1945) The casualty figures compiled by the. Sumatra: 2,700, 500, (3,200) They may be entitled to a gravestone, flag for their coffin, and burial in a National Cemetery", "Summary of merchant marine personnel casualties, World War II", "U.S. Polska 19391945. Celebes: 1,500, 4,000, (5,500) Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. This kill-to-loss ratio destroys another recent myth, which has recently come again into fashion, which refers to the situation on the Eastern Front. By V-E Day, the US 12th Army Group was a force of four armies (First, Third, Ninth and Fifteenth) that numbered over 1.3million men. 10 Main Campaigns, Locations, And The Deaths of American Soldiers During World War 2 Battle of Normandy (29,204 soldiers), France Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (26,277 soldiers), France Battle of the Bulge (19,276 soldiers), Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany Central Europe Campaign (15,009) Battle of Okinawa (14,000 soldiers), Japan other and unknown 6,844 (3,695 post armistice). (the figures of 2.8 million Jews and 3.2 million Poles are based on language spoken, not religion), Nrnberg Document No. Navy ), The Japanese Ministry of Welfare and Foreign Office reported from 1951 to 1960 that 254,000 military personnel and civilians were confirmed dead and 95,000 went missing in Soviet hands after the war. iUniverse, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Army [600] This page was last edited on 21 December 2022, at 04:17. Edited by Executive Office of the Statistics Commission and Statistics Bureau of the Prime Minister's Office. Presse- und Informationsamt. German scholar Hellmuth Auerbach puts the death toll in the Hitler era at 6million Jews killed in the Holocaust and 7million other victims of the Nazis. Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. Military war dead reported by Rdiger Overmans of 261,000 are included with Germany. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. Confirmed losses of civilian sailors due to German attacks and mines. I. C. B. Dear and M. R. D. Foot Oxford Companion to World WarII Oxford, 2005; Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.78 (available online at. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum[236]. During World War II, the German military helped fulfill Nazism's racial, political, and territorial ambitions. Entrenchments, machine gun emplacements, barbed wire and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties during attacks and counter-attacks and no significant advances were made. Sailors 300,386 killed and 12,275 wounded and missing. The U.S. Bureau of the Census noted that the official Yugoslav government figure of 1.7million war dead was overstated because it "was released soon after the war and was estimated without the benefit of a postwar census". Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Aufl. Hitler survived to wreak a terrible vengeance on at least 2,000 army officers (including Rommel) and launch a desperate counter-attack on the Western Front in December 1944, now known as the 'Battle of the Bulge'. During the push east, the cities of Frankfurt am Main, Kassel, Magdeburg, Halle and Leipzig were strongly defended by ad hoc German garrisons made up of regular troops, Flak units, Volkssturm and armed Nazi Party auxiliaries. Holocaust Encyclopedia "How many Catholics were killed during the Holocaust? Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. Solomon Islands: 63,200, 25,000, (88,200) Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt requested permission to withdraw east behind the Rhine, arguing that further resistance would only delay the inevitable, but was ordered by Hitler to fight where his forces stood. The Japanese government figures for POW deaths are not in agreement with Soviet figures. World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history. The official casualty statistics published by the governments of the United States, France, and the UK do not give the details of the national origin, race and religion of the losses. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. According to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 65,000 soldiers and civilians were killed in the 1945 military campaign against the Soviet Union. The hardest hit localities were Podgorica, Leskovac, Zadar and Belgrade. pp. As the Allies advanced across France, their supply lines stretched to breaking point. But Nazi Germany's military position had been hopeless ever since she had failed to drive the Allied forces into the sea on D-Day. [393][394][395][396][397][398][399][400][401][402], German government figures of 2.0 to 2.5million civilian deaths due to expulsions have been disputed by scholars since the publication of the results of the German church search service survey and the report by the German Federal Archive. Hungarian Jewish losses of 569,000 presented here include the territories annexed in 193941. [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422], Military war dead While the Nazi Party's own SS forces (in particular the SS-Totenkopfverbnde, Einsatzgruppen and Waffen-SS) of Nazi Germany was the organization most responsible for the genocidal killing of the Holocaust, the regular armed forces represented by the Wehrmacht committed war crimes of their own, particularly on the Eastern Front in the war against the Soviet Union. Netherlands figure listed in the table of 112,000 Jews taken from, Donald L. Niewyk, professor of history at Southern Methodist University, maintains that the Holocaust can be defined in four ways: first, that it was the genocide of the Jews alone; second, that there were several parallel Holocausts, one for each of the several groups; third, the Holocaust would include Roma and the handicapped along with the Jews; fourth, it would include all racially motivated German crimes, such as the murder of Soviet prisoners of war, Polish and Soviet civilians, as well as political prisoners, religious dissenters, and homosexuals. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Mark Axworthy. Reported deaths for the years 19391945 1,187,783, including: judicial executions 46,350; deaths in Gulag labor camps 718,804; deaths in labor colonies and prisons 422,629. While the Western Front remained quiet in April 1940, the fighting between the Allies and the Germans began in earnest with the Norwegian Campaign when the Germans launched Operation Weserbung, the German invasion of Denmark and Norway. Of these, approximately 330,000 were fatalities. Military Losses by theatre of war: Italy 74,725 (37,573 post armistice); France 2,060 (1,039 post armistice); Total missing and POW were 341,765 (283,322 with Axis and 58,443 with Allies), only about 80,000 survived Soviet captivity. With the fighting ended, the Germans began to consider ways of resolving the question of how to deal with Britain. The Germans in France were now faced by three powerful Allied army groups: in the north the British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, in the center the American 12th Army Group, commanded by General Omar Bradley and to the south the US 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers. Wiesbaden, Distribution: F. Steiner, 1961 pp. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. The Germans launched a second, smaller offensive (Nordwind) into Alsace on 1 January 1945. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September. 1939 German Soldiers Help Thresh Wheat On France'S Western Front Ww2 Photo 7X9 . These figures include 593,000 Germany in 1937 borders. XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. Some parishes continued burying in the Second World War military cemeteries up to the 1980s. As had so often happened on the Eastern Front Hitler refused to allow a strategic withdrawal until it was too late. ^BF United States Martin Gilbert estimates 5.7million (78%) of the 7.3million Jews in German-occupied Europe were Holocaust victims. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 194445 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2million. Rossiia i SSSR v voinakh XX veka: Poteri vooruzhennykh sil; statisticheskoe issledovanie OLMA-Press, 2001; ISBN 5-224-01515-4 Table 176", "Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 2014-2015 p.38", "The "Debt of Honour Register" from the Commonwealth War Graves Commission", "Service Files of the Second World War War Dead, 19391947", "Seconde Guerre mondiale: tombs sous les bombes "amies", Bundesarchiv Euthanasie im Nationalsozialismus, "Bundeszentrale fr politische Bildung, Die Vertreibung der Deutschen aus den Gebieten jenseits von Oder und Neie", "Bundesamt fr Bevlkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe Hampe: Der zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg", Zahl der Vertreibungsopfer ist neu zu erforschen Rdiger Overmans Deutschlandfunk. Holocaust Encyclopedia "Jehovah's Witnesses", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Freemasonry Under the Nazi Regime", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. They maintain that figures related to flight and expulsion have been manipulated by the German government due to political pressure. Included in the losses are 64,000 victims of Nazi reprisals and genocide including 30,000 POWs and 8,500 Jews. Hellmuth Auerbach: Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft. Navy total 414,879 killed and 14,155 wounded and missing. Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. which are attributed to an increase in natural deaths from 1940 to 1945 and 1,650 foreign nationals killed while serving in the Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. (German government Statistical Office), Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960 Bonn 1961 p.79 (available online at, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. Michael Haynes, Counting Soviet Deaths in the Great Patriotic War: a Note Europe Asia Studies Vol. Merchant Navy (530); British Home Guard (0) and Civilians (0). Of this total 120,000 died and 160,000 were injured in the atomic bombings, leaving 213,000 dead and 313,000 injured by conventional bombing. $19.99 + $4.99 shipping . Werner Gruhl estimates China's total war losses at 15,554,000, Civilians :12,392,000 including (8,191,000) due to the Japanese brutality and military dead 3,162,000. Because of the massive logistical obstacles a cross-channel invasion would face, the Allied high command decided to conduct a practice attack against the French coast. Under Japanese internment, 992 died and another 544 were listed as "unknown"; under German internment, 168 died and a further 715 were listed as "unknown". $15.99 + $4.99 shipping . Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) D. The systematic extermination of large numbers of people for political, religious or racial reasons. Stara Gradika was a sub-camp of Jasenovac established for women and children. [384] The campaign to clear the Scheldt Estuary along with Operation Pheasant was a decisive victory for the Allies, as it allowed a greatly improved delivery of supplies directly from Antwerp, which was far closer to the front than the Normandy beaches. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. Germany (West). Independent Russian historian Vadim Erlikman estimated Latvian civilian war dead in 194145 at 220,000 (35,000 in military operations; 110,000 executed, 35,000 in Germany and 40,000 due to hunger and disease. "Gunfire" includes tanks of course, but also includes AT Guns, StuGs, other SPGs, and artillery pieces. [257], The Estonian State Commission for the Examination of Repressive Policies Carried out During the Occupations put civilian deaths due to the Soviet occupation in 19401941 at 33,900 including (7,800 deaths) of arrested people, (6,000) deportee deaths, (5,000) evacuee deaths, (1,100) people gone missing and (14,000) conscripted for forced labor. Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. American losses were 586,628, including 135,576 dead. MacDonald, C (2005), The Last Offensive: The European Theater of Operations. Unlike other parts of South East Asia, Thailand did not suffer from famine during the war. World War II was won on the Eastern Front. Historians often put forward many different estimates of the numbers killed and wounded during World War II. "United States Strategic Bombing Survey Summary Report United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946 p. 20", United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Medical Division, "United States Strategic Bombing Survey The Effects of Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1946, p. 15", "R.J. Rummel "Statistics of democide: Genocide and Mass Murder since 1900" Transaction 1998; ISBN 3-8258-4010-7 (Chapter 3)", "Allied Merchant Navy Memorial in Newfoundland", "Gordon, Maj. Richard M., (U.S. Army, retired) (28 October 2002). The database includes all servicemen and women who died during being listed in the Finnish army, navy or the air force. German government figures of war losses do not include the increase in natural deaths with war casualties. vs. United States 485,717 killed and 34,679 wounded. Von Rundstedt's divisions, which had remained on the west bank, were cut to pieces in the ''battle of the Rhineland' 280,000 men were taken prisoner. Micronesian war related civilian deaths were caused by American bombing and shellfire; and malnutrition caused by the U.S. blockade of the islands. British losses totalled to 11,010 killed or missing, 14,070 wounded (only those who were evacuated have been counted), and 41,340 taken prisoner. Total killed were 93,326 (72,291 with Axis and 21,035 with Allies). New Guinea: 112,400, 15,200, (127,600) Operations ceased at 2301 hours Central European time (CET) on 8 May. Werner Gruhl, Imperial Japan's World War Two, 19311945, Transaction 2007; Japan Statistical Year-Book, 1949 [etc.]. The Hahn's maintain that the 473,013 confirmed deaths is a correct accounting of the losses. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. 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